Fig. 1. Timeline of determining the therapeutic potential of sphingosine treatment of established pneumonia. Mice underwent CLP surgery and a temperature monitoring probe inserted into the abdomen at the time of CLP. 48 h later, mice were infected intranasally with P. aeruginosa 762 and inhaled with sphingosine 2.5 h after infection. Bacterial loads in the lung were determined 1.5 h after sphingosine inhalation, corresponding to 4 h after infection.